Melghat Tiger Reserve
Located: Amravati district, Maharashtra

Overview

Melghat Tiger Reserve is a renowned wildlife sanctuary located in the Amravati district of Maharashtra. Established in 1974 as a protected area and later designated a tiger reserve under Project Tiger in 1975, it covers approximately 1,667 square kilometers of pristine forest. The reserve is celebrated for its biodiversity, including a significant population of Bengal tigers, diverse flora, and unique wildlife, making it a critical area for conservation and a popular destination for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts.

History and Significance

The Melghat Tiger Reserve was established to protect the dwindling tiger population and preserve the unique ecosystems of the region. The area was historically inhabited by indigenous tribes, and efforts to conserve the wildlife have been integrated with the needs and traditions of these local communities. Over the years, the reserve has grown in importance as a model for wildlife conservation, playing a crucial role in the protection and study of tigers and their habitats.

Wildlife and Flora

Melghat Tiger Reserve boasts a rich array of wildlife and plant species, contributing to its ecological significance.

Wildlife:

• Tigers: The reserve is known for its significant population of Bengal tigers, making it a vital location for tiger conservation efforts. Melghat is one of the few places in India where tigers are frequently sighted in the wild.
• Leopards: Another major predator in the reserve, leopards are commonly spotted alongside tigers.
• Sloth Bears: Known for their nocturnal habits and shaggy appearance, sloth bears are a key species in the reserve.
• Wild Dogs (Dholes): These pack-hunting canids are occasionally seen within the reserve.
• Indian Gaur: The reserve is home to the Indian bison, a large herbivore that roams the forests.
• Other Mammals: The reserve also supports various other mammals, including sambar deer, spotted deer, barking deer, and langurs.
• Birds: Over 200 species of birds have been recorded in the reserve, including the Indian Pitta, Great Hornbill, and Crested Serpent Eagle.
• Reptiles: The reserve is home to several reptile species, such as the Indian Python and King Cobra.

Flora:

• Teak and Bamboo: The dominant tree species in the reserve include teak and bamboo, providing crucial habitat and resources for wildlife.
• Sal: Sal trees are another important species found in the reserve, contributing to the diverse forest cover.
• Mahua: The mahua tree is significant both ecologically and culturally, providing food and resources for both wildlife and local communities.

Activities and Attractions

Wildlife Safaris:

• Jeep Safaris: The most popular way to explore the reserve, jeep safaris offer the best chance to spot tigers and other wildlife. Safaris are conducted in the morning and evening.
• Nature Walks: Guided nature walks are available for a closer look at the reserve’s flora and smaller wildlife, providing a more immersive experience.

Bird Watching:

• Bird Watching Tours: The diverse avian population makes Melghat a haven for birdwatchers. Tours are available to explore various bird species and their habitats.

Photography:

• Wildlife Photography: The reserve offers numerous opportunities for wildlife photography, particularly for capturing the majestic Bengal tigers and other unique species.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Melghat Tiger Reserve is from October to June, when the weather is favorable for wildlife viewing. The peak season for tiger sightings is from March to June, as animals are more frequently seen near water sources due to the dry conditions. The monsoon season (July to September) brings heavy rains, making the reserve less accessible and reducing visibility for wildlife viewing.

Accommodation

Melghat offers a range of accommodation options for visitors:

• Forest Rest Houses: Government-run rest houses within the reserve provide basic facilities and a close-to-nature experience.
• Eco-lodges and Resorts: Several eco-lodges and resorts in the vicinity offer comfortable stays with modern amenities while adhering to sustainable practices.
• Guest Houses: Budget-friendly guest houses are available in nearby towns like Chikhaldara and Amravati.

Accessibility

By Road:

• Melghat Tiger Reserve is accessible by road from major cities like Mumbai, Pune, and Nagpur. It is approximately 290 km from Nagpur and 450 km from Mumbai. Regular bus services and taxis are available from these cities.

By Rail:

• The nearest railway station is Amravati, about 80 km from the reserve. Another major station is Nagpur, approximately 290 km away. From these stations, local transport options like taxis and buses can be used to reach the reserve.

By Air:

• The nearest airport is Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport in Nagpur, around 290 km from the reserve. From the airport, taxis and local transportation are available to reach Melghat.

Conservation Efforts

Melghat Tiger Reserve is at the forefront of tiger conservation in India, with several initiatives aimed at protecting its wildlife and habitats:

• Anti-poaching Measures: Strict anti-poaching measures and regular patrolling are implemented to protect wildlife from illegal activities.
• Community Involvement: Local communities are actively involved in conservation efforts, including sustainable practices and anti-poaching activities.
• Research and Monitoring: Ongoing research and monitoring programs help in understanding the behavior and health of tigers and other wildlife, aiding in effective conservation strategies.

Travel Tips

• Advance Booking: Book safaris and accommodations well in advance, especially during peak season.
• Respect Wildlife: Maintain a safe distance from animals and follow the guidelines provided by park authorities and guides.
• Clothing: Wear comfortable and neutral-colored clothing for wildlife safaris to blend with the natural environment and avoid disturbing the animals.
• Essential Gear: Bring binoculars, a camera with a zoom lens, and other essentials for wildlife viewing and photography.

Nearby Attractions

• Chikhaldara Hill Station: Located nearby, Chikhaldara offers scenic views, pleasant weather, and opportunities for hiking and exploration.
• Melghat Tiger Reserve: Explore the reserve’s various zones and trekking trails to experience its natural beauty and wildlife.
• Amravati: The city offers historical and cultural attractions, including temples and local markets.